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Vitalik Buterin's In-Depth Analysis of Ethereum's Future: POS Upgrade, PBS Architecture, and Layer2 Development
Vitalik Buterin Accepts Interview with DappLearning Community in Chinese
On April 7, 2025, at the Pop-X HK Research House event held in Hong Kong, Vitalik Buterin was interviewed by Yan, the founder of the DappLearning community. Below is a summary of the interview content:
Views on POS Upgrade
Vitalik believes that the prices of BTC and ETH are unrelated to POW and POS. The challenge facing ETH is how to convert the success of ecological applications into the value of ETH. He stated that it is necessary to support applications that help ETH holders and the long-term value of ETH.
About PBS Architecture and Centralization Concerns
Vitalik explained the design concept of the PBS architecture, stating that although Builders may become more centralized, technical means can be employed to limit their malicious actions while ensuring the decentralization of the verification process. He believes that this complex design is aimed at balancing efficiency and security.
The Relationship Between Layer 1 and Layer 2
Vitalik pointed out that there are currently issues with L2, such as slow progress on security and insufficient interoperability. He proposed solutions like the Open Intents Framework, hoping to reduce cross-chain costs. At the same time, he believes that L1 still needs to play an important role and is promoting multiple L1 scaling solutions.
Future Development of Ethereum
Vitalik revealed that Ethereum will undergo the Pectra upgrade at the end of April, and the Fusaka upgrade in Q3 or Q4. In the future, several measures will be taken to improve upgrade efficiency, such as enhancing team coordination efficiency and being stricter with client teams.
Perspectives on Cryptography and AI
Vitalik believes that ZK developers should focus on high-level languages without needing to dive into the underlying layers. He takes a cautious approach to technologies like FHE and MPC, fearing they may introduce new security risks. Regarding AI, Vitalik thinks it might narrow the gap between experts and novices, bringing more opportunities to society.
Recommendations for Ethereum Developers
Vitalik encourages developers to seize the current opportunity to create applications that have both practical value and sustainable business models. He hopes to see a healthy application ecosystem that lies between idealism and pure gambling.